Journal: Drones

Article Title: An Evaluation of the Drone Delivery of Adrenaline Auto-Injectors for Anaphylaxis: Pharmacists’ Perceptions, Acceptance, and Concerns

doi: 10.3390/drones4040066

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. (a) Clogworks Dark Matter HX Drone at Skyports’ Billericay Flight Site, CM12 0ES. Drone maximum take-off weight = 20 kg and unloaded mass = 5.30 kg. The ultra-low vibrations, extensive operating temperatures (between −20 and 45 °C), excellent chassis strength, wide payload range options, and its aerodynamic, light-weight design enhance performance. (b) Image [42] of EpiPen® used in this investigation: Adrenaline auto-injectors 0.3mg Mylan Products Ltd. UK, POM [43]. (c) Billericay, Essex Flight Map. Image taken from Skyports SmartAp and controllers on 04/12/19. The mission highlighted in yellow followed Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) protocols with a 35% battery minimum required for safe landing. (d) Flight Specifications. The table provides the calculated means and standard deviations for the mission. AGL = above ground level, AMSL = average mean sea level.

Article Snippet: Adrenaline (epinephrine) in its solid, acid tartrate form, is classified, according to the British Pharmacopoeia safety data sheet (1907/2006/EC, Article 31), as a toxic solid, UN2811, packing group III (presenting low danger), and it has an International Air Transport Associated (IATA) classification of 6.1.

Techniques: Battery

Journal: Drones

Article Title: An Evaluation of the Drone Delivery of Adrenaline Auto-Injectors for Anaphylaxis: Pharmacists’ Perceptions, Acceptance, and Concerns

doi: 10.3390/drones4040066

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. (a) The multi-step reversible pathway of (−)-adrenaline (L-adrenaline) degradation. (b) UV spectra of (−)-adrenaline in 0.1 M HCl and water at 65 μg/mL for 0 and 24 h. The design of the circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD) instrument and the cuvette path length permitted absorbances >1 to be calculated. (c) Visual appearances: Serial dilution of (-)-adrenaline in water after a 24-h period at 25 °C. The red colour intensity increases as the concentration increases L → R 65, 50, 40, 20, 11, and 10 μg/mL. Picture taken against a white background.

Article Snippet: Adrenaline (epinephrine) in its solid, acid tartrate form, is classified, according to the British Pharmacopoeia safety data sheet (1907/2006/EC, Article 31), as a toxic solid, UN2811, packing group III (presenting low danger), and it has an International Air Transport Associated (IATA) classification of 6.1.

Techniques: Circular Dichroism, Spectroscopy, Serial Dilution, Concentration Assay

Journal: Drones

Article Title: An Evaluation of the Drone Delivery of Adrenaline Auto-Injectors for Anaphylaxis: Pharmacists’ Perceptions, Acceptance, and Concerns

doi: 10.3390/drones4040066

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 6. (a) Adrenaline dose uniformity (%) of EpiPen® after drone flight (n = 3, SD = ±0.49). The red lines indicate the BP percentage label claim upper and lower limits. (b) DJI Mavic 2 Enterprise Dual Drone Thermogram taken after flight identifying the variations in drone temperature on the transport box: A–D: Top, Propellers white surface, propeller black surface, back of the storage compartment.

Article Snippet: Adrenaline (epinephrine) in its solid, acid tartrate form, is classified, according to the British Pharmacopoeia safety data sheet (1907/2006/EC, Article 31), as a toxic solid, UN2811, packing group III (presenting low danger), and it has an International Air Transport Associated (IATA) classification of 6.1.

Techniques:

Journal: Pharmaceutical Technology in Hospital Pharmacy

Article Title: Long-term stability of ready-to-use epinephrine 0.02 mg/mL injection solution in 50 mL glass vials

doi: 10.1515/pthp-2021-0015

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1: HPLC chromatogram (detection wavelength 230 nm) of Epinephrine tartrate CRS 0.02 mg/mL undegraded (1), degraded by heating (2), by acidification with 1 M HCl (3), by alkalization with 1 M NaOH (4), by oxidiation with H2O2 (5).

Article Snippet: Aliquots of the E tartrate CRS (Epinephrine hydrogen tartrate powder (EDQM)) were heated, or acidified with 1N HCl, or 1 N NaOH, or oxidized with H2O2.

Techniques:

Journal: BMC chemistry

Article Title: Optimization of HPLC methods for the development of quality control methods of combined powder formulations with paracetamol, phenylephrine hydrochloride, pheniramine maleate.

doi: 10.1186/s13065-025-01488-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3 Comparison of the greenness profiles (MOGAPI score) between the proposed method for determining paracetamol, phenylephrine hydrochloride and pheniramine maleate in powder (A) and proposed method for determining paracetamol impurity 4-aminophenol in powder (B)

Article Snippet: The standards for the active ingredients paracetamol (purity ≤ 99% (HPLC)), phenylephrine hydrochloride (purity ≤ 99% (HPLC)), pheniramine maleate (purity ≤ 99% (HPLC)) and its specified impurity of paracetamol, 4-aminophenol (purity ≤ 99% (HPLC)) was supplied by EDQM and USP.

Techniques: Comparison